Vigilance urged over Bluetongue threat
Since the 2026/27 Bluetongue Virus (BTV) season started on the 1st of July, BTV-3 has been detected on a growing number of farms throughout Great Britain, with a significant hot spot of cases located in Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.
The spread of the disease serves as a timely reminder that farmers should remain vigilant to the clinical signs of infection and take action to protect their livestock.
Vigilance
Bluetongue is spread by Culicoides biting midges. These insects act as vectors, carrying the virus from one infected animal to another when feeding. Clinical signs can vary depending on the species and severity of infection but commonly include fever, swelling of the mouth, tongue and head, excessive salivation, nasal discharge, lameness and sores around the mouth or feet. Importantly, the virus cannot be transmitted directly between livestock through nose to nose contact.
However, it can be passed from infected mothers to their unborn offspring during pregnancy and through infected semen and embryos. Another significant route of spread is through the movement of infected animals. If infected livestock are moved into a previously unaffected area, local midges can acquire the virus and go on to infect other animals, increasing the risk of further outbreaks.
Bluetongue is a notifiable disease. It’s important that you know what to look out for and if you do suspect infection, call your vet or APHA on 0300 303 8268 immediately.
| Clinical signs of infection | ||
| In sheep: | In cattle: | In calves: |
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Cattle do not often show clear signs of disease so owners should also look out for signs of fatigue and lower productivity including reduced milk yield. |
Calves can become infected with bluetongue before birth if the mother is infected while pregnant. Signs of infection include:
Livestock keepers should consider bluetongue as a possible cause for calves showing these signs. |
Vaccination
Vaccination remains the most effective tool available to protect livestock against Bluetongue and is believed to have substantially aided the management of BTV infection across Europe. Demand for vaccines in GB is strong, especially following a surge in cases reported in early August and the FUW are aware of reported shortages and delays in acquiring doses.
Despite this, the FUW have been informed that manufacturers are reacting to the demand and the advice to farmers continues to be to discuss vaccination with your veterinary surgeon and ensure you understand the options available for your herd and/or flock.
Alongside vaccination, good biosecurity remains essential. It is advised to always check the risk of Bluetongue from any replacement animals before purchase to avoid unknowingly introducing the virus to an area. Careful sourcing of livestock, remaining alert for any signs of disease and following the latest guidance will all help reduce the risk of unintentionally spreading the virus.
As we move through the peak midge season, preparation is vital to reduce the risk of Bluetongue Virus overwintering and help safeguard animal health, welfare and productivity through the winter months into next spring.
Visit the Welsh Government website for more information about Bluetongue in Wales.
